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Feature
Compression Springs are found in a wide variety of applications ranging from automotive engines and large stamping presses to major appliances and lawn mowers to medical devices, cell phones, electronics and sensitive instrumentation devices. The most basic installation is anywhere requiring a push button. Conical type springs are generally used in applications requiring low solid height and increased resistance to surging.
SMS Spring offers advanced capabilities and a wide variety of options for custom compression spring manufacturing needs such as: advance quality control systems, regulatory expertise including RoHS, REACH and CAD assisted product design, in-house prototype production services and global supply chain network. SMS Spring is ISO 2015:9001 certified and RoHS compliant.
SMS Spring can manufacture custom compression springs in small or large quantities. SMS Spring can supply for short run R&D projects up to large, long run blanket orders that run over a period of years.
Key Parameters
Unit of Measures
SMS Spring are specified in both Imperial (inch and pound) and Metric units.
Rate
Spring rate is the change in load per unit deflection in pounds per inch (lbs/in) or Newtons per millimeter (N/mm).
Stress
The dimensions, along with the load and deflection requirements, determine the stresses in the spring. When a compression spring is loaded, the coiled wire is stressed in torsion. The stress is greatest at the surface of the wire; as the spring is deflected, the load varies, causing a range of operating stress. Stress and stress range govern the life of the spring. The wider the operating stress range, the lower the maximum stress must be to obtain comparable life. Relatively high stresses may be used when the operating stress range is narrow or if the spring is subjected to static loads only.
Direction of Wind
Coil compression springs are wound in either a left hand or right hand direction, similar to a screw type thread.
Counting Coils
There are two primary methods of counting coils that apply to springs, active coil count and total coil count.
Ends
There are four primary end type configurations for compression springs. The spring end may be ground or unground, and the end coils may be open or closed coil.
Outside Diameter
The diameter of the cylindrical envelope formed by the outside surface of the coils of a spring.
Hole Diameter
This is a measurement of the space where you would insert a compression spring. It is the diameter of a mating part to a compression spring and often commonly mistaken for a dimension of the spring itself. The hole diameter should be designed larger than your compression spring's outside diameter factoring tolerance and spring expansion under load.
Rod Diameter
This is a measurement of the rod that goes through the inside of a compression spring. Essentially a mating part, this rod can work as a guide shaft to minimize spring buckling under load. The rod diameter should be designed smaller than your compression spring's inside diameter factoring tolerance; however, not too small or else it loses ability to minimize spring buckling.
Free Length
The length of a spring when it is not loaded. NOTE: In the case of extension springs, this may include the anchor ends.
Wire Diameter
This is a size measurement of the raw material used to form a spring. Conventional springs are made with round wires that are specified to a diameter.
Programing
Material
This is the raw material type used to form a spring. Common types include carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel alloys, copper alloys, and cobalt alloys. Your application could guide your material options for a spring.
Spring Set
This is an occurrence when a spring is loaded beyond its material elastic strength. It is a kind of permanent deformation that is noticeable when a spring does not return to its original length after releasing a deflection load. Depending on the application, spring set can be either desirable or undesirable.
Load at Solid Height
This is a measurement of the force required to completely deflect a compression spring to where the coils are fully pressed together. For product designers that want to avoid the occurrence of bottoming out a compression spring, Load at Solid Height is a quick reference property to find springs capable of handling an assembly's maximum operating load.
Solid Height
This is a length dimension of a compression spring at its maximum loaded condition. Effectively, this is the compression spring's height when all the coils are pressed together.
Finish
There are a number of finish and plating options available for springs. The application of the spring will help to determine the best finish and plating options for a specific application. Spring finish may be used to protect or to help identify a spring.
Compression Spring Types & Shapes
Compression springs are manufactured in a variety of shapes. Custom designs may have any number of shapes depending on the application.
Spring Solutions
Cone
Cone shaped compression springs have a spring radius that decreases towards the end of the spring. This is a common shape used for battery springs.
Hour Glass
Hour glass compression springs taper tighter towards the center and the outer coils have a larger diameter.
Barrel
Barrel shape compression springs have a design that is reduced at the ends and wider in the center.
Reduced Ends
Reduced ends compression springs are straight across the center coils and taper only towards the end coils.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q
What types of applications use compression springs?
Compression springs are used across a wide range of industries including automotive engines, stamping presses, major appliances, lawn mowers, medical devices, cell phones, electronics, and sensitive instrumentation. Any application requiring a push button typically incorporates a compression spring.
Q
What certifications does SMS Spring hold?
SMS Spring is ISO 9001:2015 certified and RoHS compliant. The company also maintains regulatory expertise in REACH compliance and offers CAD-assisted product design services.
Q
What is spring rate and why does it matter?
Spring rate is the change in load per unit deflection, expressed in pounds per inch (lbs/in) or Newtons per millimeter (N/mm). It is a critical parameter that defines how stiff a spring is and directly affects the performance of the assembly it is used in.
Q
What is the difference between outside diameter, hole diameter, and rod diameter?
The outside diameter is the measurement of the spring's own coil envelope. The hole diameter refers to the mating cavity that the spring is inserted into — it should be larger than the spring's outside diameter. The rod diameter refers to the guide shaft that runs through the inside of the spring — it should be smaller than the spring's inside diameter to allow for tolerance and prevent binding.
Q
What shapes are available for custom compression springs?
Compression springs can be manufactured in several standard shapes including cone-shaped (common in battery springs), hour glass (tapered toward the center), barrel-shaped (wider in the center), and reduced-end designs (tapered only toward the end coils). Custom shapes are also available based on application requirements.
Q
Can SMS Spring handle both small and large production orders?
Yes. SMS Spring is capable of producing custom compression springs in both small and large quantities. The company supports short-run R&D prototype projects as well as large, long-run blanket orders that span multiple years, with a global supply chain network to support fulfillment.